Kerja Sama ASEAN di Bidang Ekonomi Digital: Tinjauan terhadap ASEAN Digital Economy Framework Agreement
Abstract
The development of the digital economy requires every country to be responsive and able to adopt technological developments quickly to capture opportunities from the digital economy. Various efforts and policies are made to take advantage of digital economic developments that can contribute to economic growth. ASEAN is one form of regional cooperation that intensively pays attention to the development of the digital economy in the region. One of the cooperative framework efforts currently in process is the ASEAN Digital Economy Framework Agreement (DEFA). Through the ASEAN DEFA, it is expected that there will be harmonization among ASEAN member countries in digital economy policies. On the other hand, regarding the digital economy, ASEAN countries are still faced with several challenges in developing the digital economy, both in terms of access to digital technology and the skills of human resources in adapting to the development of digital technology. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the future cooperation of ASEAN DEFA, which is faced with several challenges by ASEAN member countries. Through analysis of various sources from previous research, journal articles, and other secondary data sources, the study's results show that there are still several digital economy challenges in the region, such as digital economy infrastructure development, the digital divide, the role of MSMEs in the digital economy, and policy harmonization. The region's variety of digital economy challenges requires mapping the readiness of ASEAN countries, collaboration and cooperation, and policy harmonization. This needs to be done so that member countries can benefit from implementing ASEAN DEFA in the future.
Abstrak
Perkembangan ekonomi digital menuntut setiap negara untuk responsif dan dapat melakukan adopsi perkembangan teknologi secara cepat dalam menangkap peluang dari ekonomi digital. Berbagai upaya dan kebijakan dibuat untuk memanfaatkan perkembangan ekonomi digital yang dapat berkontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. ASEAN menjadi salah satu bentuk kerja sama regional yang secara intensif memberikan perhatian terhadap perkembangan ekonomi digital di kawasan. Salah satu upaya kerangka kerja sama yang saat ini sedang berproses adalah ASEAN Digital Economy Framework Agreement (DEFA). Melalui ASEAN DEFA diharapkan nantinya terdapat harmonisasi antarnegara anggota ASEAN dalam kebijakan ekonomi digital. Di sisi lain, sehubungan dengan ekonomi digital, negara-negara ASEAN masih dihadapkan dengan sejumlah tantangan dalam pengembangan ekonomi digital baik dari sisi akses terhadap teknologi digital sampai dengan keterampilan sumber daya manusia dalam beradaptasi dengan perkembangan teknologi digital. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kerja sama ASEAN DEFA ke depan yang dihadapkan dengan sejumlah tantangan yang dihadapi oleh negara anggota ASEAN. Melalui analisis dari berbagai sumber dari penelitian terdahulu serta artikel jurnal dan sumber data sekunder lainnya, hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat beberapa tantangan ekonomi digital di kawasan seperti pembangunan infrastruktur ekonomi digital, kesenjangan digital, peran UMKM dalam ekonomi digital, sampai dengan harmonisasi kebijakan di kawasan. Beragamnya tantangan ekonomi digital di kawasan membutuhkan adanya pemetaan kesiapan negara-negara ASEAN, kolaborasi dan kerja sama, serta harmonisasi kebijakan. Hal ini perlu dilakukan sehingga negara anggota dapat memperoleh manfaat dari implementasi ASEAN DEFA ke depannya.
Kata Kunci: ASEAN DEFA, Ekonomi Digital, Kerja sama, Tantangan
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